Home Improvement Contractor - Licensed Contractors

이탈리아공군 Tornado ECR과 IDS

Summary: 이탈리아공군 Tornado ECR과 IDS Tornado ECR Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance was developed to meet the requirements of Germany It performs reconnaissance electronic battle management and SEAD missions It is equipped with an advanced FLIR an emitter locator system and AGM 88 HARM anti radiation missiles Weapons OptionsAGM 88D HARM x2AIM 9M Sidewinder x2Other EquipmentBOW 21 x1RB199 34R Mk101 x2RB199 34R Mk103 x2TSPJSpecifications Notes Crew 2 Height 6 m 20 ft Length 17 2 m 56 ft Max Range 2 780 km 1 501 nm Max Weight 28 500 kg 62 831 lb Min Weight 14 000 kg 30 864 lb Number of Engines 2 Payload 9 000 kg 19 841 lb Span 13 9 m 46 ft Thrust lb 29 680 lb 13 463 kg Max Speed 731 mps Mach 2 20 Panavia Tornado IDSMain Role All weather supersonic tactical strike aircraft Country of Origin UK Germany Italy Current Status In Service Out of Production From conception to operational service took twelve years but what was remarkable about this was that the Tornado and all its systems were delivered on time and on budget The Tornado was originally designed to fulfill six different roles After the Tornado went into service another role was defined defense suppression Italy and Germany procured the purpose built Electronic Combat Reconnaissance ECR version This type is armed with the High Speed Anti Radiation Missile HARM The six original roles were 1 Interdiction Strike 2 Counter Air Strike 3 Battlefield Interdiction 4 Close Air Support 5 Reconnaissance 6 Interception This last role was not taken up but the RAF went one step further and developed the Air Defense Variant ADV now called the Tornado F 3 The Tornado is the RAF s first variable geometry aircraft Built by a consortium from Britain Germany and Italy known as Panavia with its head quarters in Munich Germany The first British assembled aircraft flew from Warton in Lancashire on 30 October 1974 The first production GR1 flew on 10 July 1979 A total of 228 GR1 s were built for the RAF 36 of these were dual control and designated GR1 T The three countries that contributed to the project manufactured different sections of the aircraft Britain made the nose and rear fuselage Italy made the wings and Germany the centre fuselage The Rolls Royce designed engines were built by Turbo Union these were the RB 199 turbofans Originally the MRCA Multi Role Combat Aircraft as it was known was to be a NATO aircraft with countries such as Canada Belgium and The Netherlands expected to contribute but these countries elected to go for US built cheaper single seaters instead The RAF first employed the Tornado at the TTTE Tri National Tornado Training Establishment at Cottesmore in July 1980 As its name suggests this unit was to train aircrew from all three nations to use both the aircraft and its systems This unit was followed in August 1981 by the TWCU Tactical Weapons Conversion Unit based at Honiton The Tornado superseded the Buccaneer Jaguar and Vulcan in the bomber and maritime strike roles A vast amount of weaponry can be carried by the Tornado including 500 Kiloton nuclear bombs BL755 cluster bombs 1 000 lb HE bombs laser guided bombs and anti radiation missiles Tornadoes are currently being converted to GR 4 standard this will include new equipment such at TIALD FLIR and a new navigational sub system Variants Development History MRCA Original designation for Tornado programme meaning Multi Role Combat Aircraft Tornado prototypes Initial development batch of 9 aircraft Tornado pre series Follow on development batch of 6 aircraft Tornado IDS Generic term for bomber version IDS = Interdictor Strike Tornado ADV Generic term for dedicated interceptor fighter version Described separately Tornado GR Mk 1 Standard strike version of the Tornado IDS for the RAF Features additional fin fuel tank and laser rangefinder in undernose fairing Tornado GR Mk 1 T Version of the Tornado GR 1 with full flying controls in both cockpits for pilot training 50 a c + 1 pre series refurbished Tornado GR Mk 1A Dedicated reconnaissance version of GR 1 Includes Vinten 4000 infra red linescan video system in blister fairing below the aircraft nose 14 a c new build + 16 conversions Tornado GR Mk 1B Dedicated anti shiping version of GR 1 Equipped to launch Sea Eagle missiles and carry buddy in flight refuelling pods Tornado GR Mk 4 Mid Life Update for GR 1 with upgraded avionics and cockpit systems Tornado GR Mk 4A Mid Life Update applied to GR 1A version Tornado GR 4B Mid Life Update applied to GR 1B version Tornado IDS Germany Version of Tornado IDS for Germany Features different weapons ejector racks and weapons fit 212 a c for Luftwaffe including 2 refurbished pre series and 50 dual control 112 a c for Navy Tornado IDS Italy Version of Tornado IDS for the Italian Air Force Very similar to German version 100 a c including 1 refurbished pre series and 12 dual control Tornado IDS Saudi Export version of Tornado IDS for the Royal Saudi Air Force Very similar to RAF GR 1 version 96 a c including 14 dual control aircraft and 6 reconnaissance versions similar to GR 1A Tornado ECR Version of Tornado IDS dedicated to reconnaissance and enemy air defence suppression ECR = Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance Only Tornados with RB 199 Mk 105 engines 35 a c new build for Germany 16 a c conversions for Italy History Key Dates 1968 Initial design studies for a Multi Role Combat Aircraft MRCA initiated 26 March 1969 Panavia consortium formed to handle multi government contractual aspects 1 June 1969 Turbo Union Ltd consortium formed to design develop and produce the MRCA engine 14th August 1974 First flight in Germany of MRCA first prototype P01 30 October 1974 First flight of first British assembled aircraft P02 XX946 5 December 1975 First flight of first Italian assembled aircraft P05 5 February 1977 First flight of first pre series aircraft P11 10 July 1979 First flight of initial production GR Mk1 ZA319 July 1980 Tri National Tornado Training Establishment TTTE formed at RAF Cottesmore August 1981 TWCU formed at Honiton 6 January 1982 9 Squadron RAF took delivery of its first aircraft ZA586 1983 First deliveries of Italian aircraft 1986 First deliveries of Saudi aircraft 18 August 1988 First flight of converted Tornado ECR prototype 21 May 1990 First Tornado ECR delivered to the Luftwaffe February 1991 First use of Tornado in combat during the Gulf War 29 May 1993 First flight of GR 4 development aircraft P15 1993 Delivery of last production Tornado aircraft F Mk 3 31 October 1997 Delivery of first upgraded GR 4 aircraft to the RAF Operators Military Operators UK Royal Air Force 11 Sqns + 1 test unit + TTTE Italy Aeronautica Militare Italia 3 Wings + test unit Germany Luftwaffe 6 Wings + test unit Germany Marineflieger 2 Wings one later disbanded Saudi Arabia Royal Saudi Air Force 2 Sqns Government Agencies UK A Height 19 ft 6 25 in 5 95 m Wing Span 45 ft 7 5 in 13 91 m fully extended 25 degrees sweep 28 ft 2 5 in 8 60 m fully swept 67 degrees sweep Wing Area 286 33 sq ft 26 60 sq m Engines Early aircraft Two Turbo Union RB 199 34R Mk 101 turbofans each rated at 8 475 lb st 37 70 kN dry and 14 840 lb st 66 01 kN with afterburning Later aircraft Two Turbo Union RB 199 34R Mk 103 turbofans each rated at 8 650 lb st 38 48 kN dry and 16 075 lb st 71 50 kN with afterburning Weights Empty Equipped 31 065 lb 14 091 kg Normal Take off 45 000 lb 20 411 kg Maximum Take off 61 620 lb 27 951 kg Performance Maximum level speed clean 1 262 kts 1 453 mph 2338 kph at 36 000 ft 10975 m 616 kts 710 mph 1142 kph at sea level Climb to 30 000 ft 9145 m less than 2 mins 0 secs Service ceiling 50 000+ ft 15 240 m Ferry range with four drop tanks 2 100+ nm 2 420 mls 3 890 km Combat radius 750 nm 863 mls 1390 km on a typical attack mission Armament Two 27mm Mauser cannon with 180 rounds per gun plus a warload of 19 841 lb 9 000 kg on three fuselage and four underwing hardpoints These weapons may include one 500 kts nuclear weapon eight 1 000 lb 454 kg bombs two airfield runway denial weapons with multiple munitions Paveway laser guided bombs two AIM 9 Sidewinder SRAAMs or up to seven ALARMs Additionally the GR 1B carries two Sea Eagle missiles Production Head of Design Team Prime Contractor Panavia Aircraft GmbH Germany Workshare is split 42 5 BAe UK 42 5 DASA Germany 15 Alenia Italy Design Office Collaboration of the three partner companies Production summary excludes prototypes pre series Customer IDS ECR Total Germany 322 35 357 Italy 99 16 99 Saudi Arabia 96 0 96 UK 228 0 228 Total 745 35 780 Conversions British Aerospace BAe Warton Aerodrome Preston Lancashire PR4 1AX UK Later BAE SYSTEMS Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 4 Warton March 1973 1976 Tornado pre series 3 Warton 1976 1978 Tornado GR 1 228 Warton 1978 1985 Tornado GR 1A 16 Warton 1985 1989 Tornado GR 1A 14 Warton 1989 1993 Tornado IDS Saudi 48 Warton 1986 1993 Tornado IDS Saudi 48 Warton 1993 1999 Tornado GR 4 4A 142 Warton 1997 2002 Total 345 1 a c later refurbished to full production standard Conversion not new build MBB MBB Manching Germany Later DASA Daimler Chrysler Aerospace EADS Germany Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 4 Manching 1974 1977 Tornado pre series 2 Manching 1977 1978 Tornado IDS 322 Manching 1979 1990 Tornado ECR 35 Manching 1990 Jan 1992 Total 363 Later refurbished to full production standard Alenia Alenia Turin Italy Initially Aeritalia Fiat Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 1 Turin 1975 1975 Tornado pre series 1 Turin 1977 1978 Tornado IDS 99 Turin 1981 1990 Tornado ECR 16 Turin 1992 1994 Total 101 Conversion not ne 이탈리아공군 Tornado ECR과 IDS Tornado ECR Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance was developed to meet the requirements of Germany It performs reconnaissance electronic battle management and SEAD missions It is equipped with an advanced FLIR an emitter locator system and AGM 88 HARM anti radiation missiles Weapons OptionsAGM 88D HARM x2AIM 9M Sidewinder x2Other EquipmentBOW 21 x1RB199 34R Mk101 x2RB199 34R Mk103 x2TSPJSpecifications Notes Crew 2 Height 6 m 20 ft Length 17 2 m 56 ft Max Range 2 780 km 1 501 nm Max Weight 28 500 kg 62 831 lb Min Weight 14 000 kg 30 864 lb Number of Engines 2 Payload 9 000 kg 19 841 lb Span 13 9 m 46 ft Thrust lb 29 680 lb 13 463 kg Max Speed 731 mps Mach 2 20 Panavia Tornado IDSMain Role All weather supersonic tactical strike aircraft Country of Origin UK Germany Italy Current Status In Service Out of Production From conception to operational service took twelve years but what was remarkable about this was that the Tornado and all its systems were delivered on time and on budget The Tornado was originally designed to fulfill six different roles After the Tornado went into service another role was defined defense suppression Italy and Germany procured the purpose built Electronic Combat Reconnaissance ECR version This type is armed with the High Speed Anti Radiation Missile HARM The six original roles were 1 Interdiction Strike 2 Counter Air Strike 3 Battlefield Interdiction 4 Close Air Support 5 Reconnaissance 6 Interception This last role was not taken up but the RAF went one step further and developed the Air Defense Variant ADV now called the Tornado F 3 The Tornado is the RAF s first variable geometry aircraft Built by a consortium from Britain Germany and Italy known as Panavia with its head quarters in Munich Germany The first British assembled aircraft flew from Warton in Lancashire on 30 October 1974 The first production GR1 flew on 10 July 1979 A total of 228 GR1 s were built for the RAF 36 of these were dual control and designated GR1 T The three countries that contributed to the project manufactured different sections of the aircraft Britain made the nose and rear fuselage Italy made the wings and Germany the centre fuselage The Rolls Royce designed engines were built by Turbo Union these were the RB 199 turbofans Originally the MRCA Multi Role Combat Aircraft as it was known was to be a NATO aircraft with countries such as Canada Belgium and The Netherlands expected to contribute but these countries elected to go for US built cheaper single seaters instead The RAF first employed the Tornado at the TTTE Tri National Tornado Training Establishment at Cottesmore in July 1980 As its name suggests this unit was to train aircrew from all three nations to use both the aircraft and its systems This unit was followed in August 1981 by the TWCU Tactical Weapons Conversion Unit based at Honiton The Tornado superseded the Buccaneer Jaguar and Vulcan in the bomber and maritime strike roles A vast amount of weaponry can be carried by the Tornado including 500 Kiloton nuclear bombs BL755 cluster bombs 1 000 lb HE bombs laser guided bombs and anti radiation missiles Tornadoes are currently being converted to GR 4 standard this will include new equipment such at TIALD FLIR and a new navigational sub system Variants Development History MRCA Original designation for Tornado programme meaning Multi Role Combat Aircraft Tornado prototypes Initial development batch of 9 aircraft Tornado pre series Follow on development batch of 6 aircraft Tornado IDS Generic term for bomber version IDS = Interdictor Strike Tornado ADV Generic term for dedicated interceptor fighter version Described separately Tornado GR Mk 1 Standard strike version of the Tornado IDS for the RAF Features additional fin fuel tank and laser rangefinder in undernose fairing Tornado GR Mk 1 T Version of the Tornado GR 1 with full flying controls in both cockpits for pilot training 50 a c + 1 pre series refurbished Tornado GR Mk 1A Dedicated reconnaissance version of GR 1 Includes Vinten 4000 infra red linescan video system in blister fairing below the aircraft nose 14 a c new build + 16 conversions Tornado GR Mk 1B Dedicated anti shiping version of GR 1 Equipped to launch Sea Eagle missiles and carry buddy in flight refuelling pods Tornado GR Mk 4 Mid Life Update for GR 1 with upgraded avionics and cockpit systems Tornado GR Mk 4A Mid Life Update applied to GR 1A version Tornado GR 4B Mid Life Update applied to GR 1B version Tornado IDS Germany Version of Tornado IDS for Germany Features different weapons ejector racks and weapons fit 212 a c for Luftwaffe including 2 refurbished pre series and 50 dual control 112 a c for Navy Tornado IDS Italy Version of Tornado IDS for the Italian Air Force Very similar to German version 100 a c including 1 refurbished pre series and 12 dual control Tornado IDS Saudi Export version of Tornado IDS for the Royal Saudi Air Force Very similar to RAF GR 1 version 96 a c including 14 dual control aircraft and 6 reconnaissance versions similar to GR 1A Tornado ECR Version of Tornado IDS dedicated to reconnaissance and enemy air defence suppression ECR = Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance Only Tornados with RB 199 Mk 105 engines 35 a c new build for Germany 16 a c conversions for Italy History Key Dates 1968 Initial design studies for a Multi Role Combat Aircraft MRCA initiated 26 March 1969 Panavia consortium formed to handle multi government contractual aspects 1 June 1969 Turbo Union Ltd consortium formed to design develop and produce the MRCA engine 14th August 1974 First flight in Germany of MRCA first prototype P01 30 October 1974 First flight of first British assembled aircraft P02 XX946 5 December 1975 First flight of first Italian assembled aircraft P05 5 February 1977 First flight of first pre series aircraft P11 10 July 1979 First flight of initial production GR Mk1 ZA319 July 1980 Tri National Tornado Training Establishment TTTE formed at RAF Cottesmore August 1981 TWCU formed at Honiton 6 January 1982 9 Squadron RAF took delivery of its first aircraft ZA586 1983 First deliveries of Italian aircraft 1986 First deliveries of Saudi aircraft 18 August 1988 First flight of converted Tornado ECR prototype 21 May 1990 First Tornado ECR delivered to the Luftwaffe February 1991 First use of Tornado in combat during the Gulf War 29 May 1993 First flight of GR 4 development aircraft P15 1993 Delivery of last production Tornado aircraft F Mk 3 31 October 1997 Delivery of first upgraded GR 4 aircraft to the RAF Operators Military Operators UK Royal Air Force 11 Sqns + 1 test unit + TTTE Italy Aeronautica Militare Italia 3 Wings + test unit Germany Luftwaffe 6 Wings + test unit Germany Marineflieger 2 Wings one later disbanded Saudi Arabia Royal Saudi Air Force 2 Sqns Government Agencies UK A Height 19 ft 6 25 in 5 95 m Wing Span 45 ft 7 5 in 13 91 m fully extended 25 degrees sweep 28 ft 2 5 in 8 60 m fully swept 67 degrees sweep Wing Area 286 33 sq ft 26 60 sq m Engines Early aircraft Two Turbo Union RB 199 34R Mk 101 turbofans each rated at 8 475 lb st 37 70 kN dry and 14 840 lb st 66 01 kN with afterburning Later aircraft Two Turbo Union RB 199 34R Mk 103 turbofans each rated at 8 650 lb st 38 48 kN dry and 16 075 lb st 71 50 kN with afterburning Weights Empty Equipped 31 065 lb 14 091 kg Normal Take off 45 000 lb 20 411 kg Maximum Take off 61 620 lb 27 951 kg Performance Maximum level speed clean 1 262 kts 1 453 mph 2338 kph at 36 000 ft 10975 m 616 kts 710 mph 1142 kph at sea level Climb to 30 000 ft 9145 m less than 2 mins 0 secs Service ceiling 50 000+ ft 15 240 m Ferry range with four drop tanks 2 100+ nm 2 420 mls 3 890 km Combat radius 750 nm 863 mls 1390 km on a typical attack mission Armament Two 27mm Mauser cannon with 180 rounds per gun plus a warload of 19 841 lb 9 000 kg on three fuselage and four underwing hardpoints These weapons may include one 500 kts nuclear weapon eight 1 000 lb 454 kg bombs two airfield runway denial weapons with multiple munitions Paveway laser guided bombs two AIM 9 Sidewinder SRAAMs or up to seven ALARMs Additionally the GR 1B carries two Sea Eagle missiles Production Head of Design Team Prime Contractor Panavia Aircraft GmbH Germany Workshare is split 42 5 BAe UK 42 5 DASA Germany 15 Alenia Italy Design Office Collaboration of the three partner companies Production summary excludes prototypes pre series Customer IDS ECR Total Germany 322 35 357 Italy 99 16 99 Saudi Arabia 96 0 96 UK 228 0 228 Total 745 35 780 Conversions British Aerospace BAe Warton Aerodrome Preston Lancashire PR4 1AX UK Later BAE SYSTEMS Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 4 Warton March 1973 1976 Tornado pre series 3 Warton 1976 1978 Tornado GR 1 228 Warton 1978 1985 Tornado GR 1A 16 Warton 1985 1989 Tornado GR 1A 14 Warton 1989 1993 Tornado IDS Saudi 48 Warton 1986 1993 Tornado IDS Saudi 48 Warton 1993 1999 Tornado GR 4 4A 142 Warton 1997 2002 Total 345 1 a c later refurbished to full production standard Conversion not new build MBB MBB Manching Germany Later DASA Daimler Chrysler Aerospace EADS Germany Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 4 Manching 1974 1977 Tornado pre series 2 Manching 1977 1978 Tornado IDS 322 Manching 1979 1990 Tornado ECR 35 Manching 1990 Jan 1992 Total 363 Later refurbished to full production standard Alenia Alenia Turin Italy Initially Aeritalia Fiat Version Quantity Assembly Location Time Period Tornado prototypes 1 Turin 1975 1975 Tornado pre series 1 Turin 1977 1978 Tornado IDS 99 Turin 1981 1990 Tornado ECR 16 Turin 1992 1994 Total 101 Conversion not ne

Image Dimensions: 1280 x 793